Long Multiplication

Rules, Tricks & Interactive Practice for Upper Elementary Students

Long Multiplication Anchor Chart

Long Multiplication Anchor Chart

Some students seem to learn multiplication facts overnight. Others struggle for months. Flashcards, Brain Gym exercises, and catchy songs work for some students — but one method that works for many is learning rules. Below you'll find nine rules proven to help students master multiplication facts, plus a special trick for impressing friends and family!

9 Rules for Learning Multiplication Facts

Hover over each card to reveal the rule and examples.

1 Multiply by 1 Any number × 1 equals that number
Rule #1

Any number times 1 equals the other number.

5 × 1 = 5  |  1 × 7 = 7
2 Multiply by 10 Just add a zero!
Rule #2

Any number times 10 equals the other number plus a zero.

50 × 1 = 50  |  1 × 70 = 70
3 Multiply by 11 Double the digits!
Rule #3

Any number times 11 equals the other number doubled.

5 × 11 = 55  |  11 × 7 = 77
4 Multiply by 2 Skip count by 2s
Rule #4

Skip count when multiplying by 2s.

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
5 × 2 = 10  |  2 × 7 = 14
5 Multiply by 4 Double twice!
Rule #5

Remember the 4s by doubling twice.

5 × 4: double 5 = 10, then 10+10 = 20
7 × 4: double 7 = 14, then 14+14 = 28
6 Multiply by 6 Even × 6 = same ending digit
Rule #6

When you multiply 6 by an even number, they both end in the same digit!

2×6=12   4×6=24
6×6=36   8×6=48
7 7 × 8 Trick 5 – 6 – 7 – 8
Rule #7

Remember the sequence 5-6-7-8 to remember 7 × 8.

56 = 7 × 8
(5-6-7-8)
8 Multiply by 5 Skip count by 5s
Rule #8

Skip count when multiplying by 5s.

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
5 × 5 = 25  |  5 × 7 = 35
9 Multiply by 9 Use your fingers!
Rule #9

Bend down the finger you're multiplying by 9. Count fingers on each side.

5 × 9: bend finger 5 → 4 left, 5 right = 45
7 × 9: bend finger 7 → 6 left, 3 right = 63

✨ A Fun Way to Impress Friends & Family

Once students have learned the multiplication facts 1–9, this trick is a great way to "show off"! This multiplication trick works with a very specific type of problem — but you can solve it in record time if you know the secret.

The trick works when you multiply a 2-digit number by a 2-digit number if:

  • The two digits in the tens place add up to 10
  • The two digits in the ones place are the same

Example Problems That Work

23 × 83
2 + 8 = 10 ✓   ones: 3 & 3 ✓
91 × 11
9 + 1 = 10 ✓   ones: 1 & 1 ✓
75 × 35
7 + 3 = 10 ✓   ones: 5 & 5 ✓
64 × 44
6 + 4 = 10 ✓   ones: 4 & 4 ✓

How to Solve It — Step by Step

Step 1

Multiply the numbers in the ones place. Write the answer in the ones and tens place.

ThousandsHundredsTensOnes
09
For 23 × 83: 3 × 3 = 9
Step 2

Multiply the tens digits together, then add one of the ones digits.

ThousandsHundredsTensOnes
1909
2 × 8 = 16 + 3 = 19 → place in thousands & hundreds
Result

Combine both steps for your final answer!

23 × 83 = 1,909
Try to solve it in your head faster than a calculator!

Another Strategy: Any 2-Digit × 2-Digit Problem

This method works with any 2-digit × 2-digit multiplication problem — not just the special cases above. Think of it as a mental math strategy that follows traditional multiplication steps. Click through each step below to see how it works using 62 × 57 as an example.

Multiply the two ones digits: 2 × 7 = 14. Write 4 in the ones place. Remember the carry 1
6 2 5 7 tens ones tens ones
ones × ones: 2 × 7 = 14
Write 4 in the ones place
Carry 1 to the next step
thousands
hundreds
tens
ones
4
Multiply the opposite corners and add them together. Then add the carried 1 from Step 1: (6×7) + (2×5) + 1 = 53. Write 3 in the tens place. Remember the carry 5
6 2 5 7 tens ones
6 × 7 = 42
2 × 5 = 10
42 + 10 + 1 (carry) = 53
Write 3 in tens — carry 5
thousands
hundreds
tens
ones
3
4
Multiply the two tens digits: 6 × 5 = 30. Then add the carried 5 from Step 2: 30 + 5 = 35. Write 3 in the thousands place and 5 in the hundreds place.
6 2 5 7 tens ones
tens × tens: 6 × 5 = 30
Add carry 5: 30 + 5 = 35
Write 3 in thousands, 5 in hundreds
thousands
hundreds
tens
ones
3
5
3
4
62 × 57 =
3,534
Try to solve it in your head faster than a calculator!
thousands
hundreds
tens
ones
3
5
3
4

Practice the Special Trick

Each problem below follows the special trick pattern. Solve them mentally, then check your answers!

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